Nanomembranes have emerged as a promising technology for advanced filtration techniques due to their unique properties and potential applications. These membranes, which can be made from a variety of nanomaterials such as carbon, titanium dioxide, silicon, and polymers, offer several advantages over traditional filtration methods. For instance, nanomembranes exhibit high surface-to-volume ratios, low pressure drops, and high porosity, enabling them to efficiently intercept fine particles and achieve high filtration efficiency.

Additionally, the use of nanomembranes in biological, environmental, and energy applications has been facilitated by various fabrication techniques such as sol–gel, e-beam lithography, nanoimprinting lithography, and electrochemical anodic oxidation.